ABSTRACT
Introduction: The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] is based primarily on the use of pentavalent antimonials, which may lead to many side effects limiting their use. Photodynamic therapy [PDT] is an alternative for the treatment of CL, and some xanthene dyes have the potential for use in PDT
Methods: The xanthenes rose bengal B [RB] and its derivatives rose bengal methyl ester [RBMET], and butyl ester [RBBUT] were analyzed for leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Cytotoxicity was assessed in J774.A1 macrophages
Results: RB derivates RBMET [IC50 9.83 microM], and RBBUT [IC50 45.08 microM] showed leishmanicidal activity, however, were toxic to J774.A1 macrophages, resulting in low selectivity index
Conclusion: The RBMET and RBBUT showed to be effective against the L. amazonensis and the low selectivity index presented may not be a limitation for their use in PDT to CL treatment
Subject(s)
Photochemotherapy , Leishmania mexicana/drug effects , Leishmania mexicana/radiation effects , Rose Bengal/analogs & derivatives , Xanthenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Dormancy models for
Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Rabbits , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Latent Tuberculosis/pathology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Indicators and Reagents/pharmacology , Latent Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology , Macaca fascicularis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism , Oxazines/pharmacology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Xanthenes/pharmacology , ZebrafishABSTRACT
Cisplatin resistance remains one of the major obstacles when treating epithelial ovarian cancer. Because oxaliplatin and nedaplatin are effective against cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer in clinical trials and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is associated with cisplatin resistance, we investigated whether overcoming cisplatin resistance by oxaliplatin and nedaplatin was associated with the STAT3 pathway in ovarian cancer. Alamar blue, clonogenic, and wound healing assays, and Western blot analysis were used to compare the effects of platinum drugs in SKOV-3 cells. At an equitoxic dose, oxaliplatin and nedaplatin exhibited similar inhibitory effects on colony-forming ability and greater inhibition on cell motility than cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Early in the time course of drug administration, cisplatin increased the expression of pSTAT3 (Tyr705), STAT3α, VEGF, survivin, and Bcl-XL, while oxaliplatin and nedaplatin exhibited the opposite effects, and upregulated pSTAT3 (Ser727) and STAT3β. The STAT3 pathway responded early to platinum drugs associated with cisplatin resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer and provided a rationale for new therapeutic strategies to reverse cisplatin resistance.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , /metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Migration Assays/methods , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects , Gene Expression/drug effects , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics , Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage , Oxazines/pharmacology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Xanthenes/pharmacology , bcl-X Protein/geneticsABSTRACT
Effect of Swerchirin (1:8 dihydroxy 3:5 dimethoxy xanthone) isolated from hexane fraction of Swertia chirayita on the blood sugar level of healthy and streptozotocin treated rats was studied. Streptozotocin was administered in citrate buffer (pH-4.5) intravenously / 35 and 65 mg/kg body wt to Charles Foster strain albino rats. Swerchirin (50 mg/kg, po) suspended in gum acacia was fed through cannula to the above rats and to a group of healthy rats. Blood sugar estimated at 0, 1, 3 and 7 hr after, indicated a very significant lowering in healthy and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg iv) but not in streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) treated rats.